1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane

1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane (CAS Number: 109-70-6) Supplier in Europe

1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane is a halogenated organic compound, known by its chemical formula, C3H6BrCl. This substance is part of a broader class of chemicals known as haloalkanes, which are used extensively in various industrial applications.

Due to its structure, 1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane, often abbreviated as BCP, possesses unique chemical properties that make it valuable in the synthesis of other compounds, as well as in applications such as phase-transfer catalysis and extractions.

The compound’s synthesis typically involves the halogenation of propane, which results in the introduction of a bromine atom at the first carbon and a chlorine atom at the third carbon in the chain.

It is a colorless liquid, with a boiling point of approximately 120 degrees Celsius, and it is relatively denser than water. The safety profile of 1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane necessitates careful handling and storage, as it may pose hazards to health and the environment if not managed properly.

Given its versatility and reactivity, 1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane is a subject of study within organic chemistry and its practical uses are diverse.

Researchers and industrial chemists explore its behavior under different chemical reactions and conditions to expand its utility and improve efficiency in its applications.

The compound’s role in the scientific and industrial sectors underscores its significance and warrants attention to its potential developments.

Chemical Properties

1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane exhibits distinct chemical properties that can be understood by examining its molecular structure, physical characteristics, and its behavior in various chemical contexts. These attributes define its potential applications and interactions with other substances.

Molecular Structure

1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane is a haloalkane with the molecular formula C3H6BrCl. It contains a three-carbon chain with a bromine atom attached to the first carbon and a chlorine atom attached to the third. It is structurally represented as CH2BrCH2CH2Cl.

Physical Characteristics

Boiling Point: The compound has a boiling point of approximately 120-122°C (248-252°F). Density: It possesses a density of around 1.595 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F). Appearance: This chemical typically appears as a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic odor.

Solubility and Reactivity

Solubility: 1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane is moderately soluble in water. Reactivity: It reacts with nucleophiles and is often utilized in organic synthesis. The compound is also prone to react with strong oxidizing agents which may lead to hazardous reactions.

Synthesis and Production

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane is synthesized via specific chemical routes and is prepared on an industrial scale using established processes.

Synthetic Routes

In the laboratory, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane can be synthesized by the reaction of 1-propanol with phosphorus tribromide (PBr3), followed by the introduction of chlorine gas. The reaction typically proceeds as follows:

Propanol Bromination: 1-propanol reacts with PBr3, resulting in 1-bromopropane and phosphorus acid as byproducts.
Chlorination: The resultant 1-bromopropane is then subjected to chlorination, introducing a chlorine atom at the third carbon position to form 1-bromo-3-chloropropane.

Industrial Preparation

For industrial production, a more cost-effective approach is often employed using 3-chloropropanol as a starting material, which undergoes halogen exchange in the presence of hydrobromic acid (HBr) to produce 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. The steps can be itemized as follows:

Halogen Exchange Reaction: 3-chloropropanol is treated with HBr.
Product Isolation: 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is then separated through distillation and purification techniques.

The industrial protocols prioritize yield optimization and cost-efficiency while adhering to safety and environmental regulations.

Applications

1-Bromo-3-Chloropropane serves distinct functions in both industrial settings and scientific research, each exploiting its unique chemical properties.

Industrial Uses

In industry, this compound is predominantly utilized as a solvent and an intermediate in organic synthesis. Solvent applications leverage its non-polarity for dissolving various organic substances. As an intermediate, it actively participates in the production of other chemicals where a halogenated hydrocarbon is required.