Formamide

Formamide (CAS: 75-12-7) Supplier in Europe

Formamide is a versatile chemical compound with significant applications in various industries.

Commonly known by its formula HCONH2, it serves as an important solvent and chemical feedstock in the production of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and agrochemicals.

Its unique properties, such as high polarity and low volatility, make it invaluable in these fields.

The role of formamide extends to its use in the laboratory setting, where it plays a critical part in protein denaturation and nucleic acid hybridization processes.

Additionally, its ability to act as a cryoprotectant is vital in the preservation of biological samples.

These applications highlight its critical importance in scientific research and development.

Formamide’s disposal and handling require careful attention due to its health hazards, such as toxicity upon inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

Safety protocols must be strictly observed to prevent exposure. Adherence to these guidelines ensures that its beneficial uses are maximized while risks are minimized.

Chemical Properties

Formamide displays various distinct characteristics, including its molecular structure, physical attributes, and specific reactive behaviors.

Structure and Formulation

Formamide (HCONH2) consists of one formyl group attached to an amine group. It is the simplest amide derived from formic acid.

The molecular weight of formamide is 45.04 g/mol.

This compound is polar due to its structure, which contributes to its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

The bond angles and molecular geometry are significant for understanding its reactivity and interaction with other substances.

Physical Characteristics

Formamide is a clear, odorless, hygroscopic liquid. It has a boiling point of 210°C and a melting point of 2-3°C.

This compound has a density of 1.133 g/cm³ at 20°C.

Its viscosity and relatively high boiling point make it useful as a solvent.

The substance is miscible with water and many organic solvents, enhancing its versatility in various industrial applications.

Formamide’s dielectric constant further underscores its suitability for specific processes.

Chemical Reactivity

Formamide is more than just a solvent; it participates in various chemical reactions.

It can act as both a donor and acceptor in hydrogen bonding.

Under strong acidic or basic conditions, it can hydrolyze to formic acid and ammonia.

When exposed to strong oxidizing agents, formamide is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

It also plays a role in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other nitrogen-containing compounds, demonstrating its versatile reactivity in organic chemistry.

Synthesis and Production

Formamide is a useful solvent in chemical reactions and an important intermediate in many industrial processes. Key methods involve hydrogenation and certain catalytic processes.

Industrial Synthesis

Industrial synthesis of formamide often begins with the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and ammonia. Using a catalyst like ruthenium can significantly enhance the efficiency and yield of formamide.

List of key steps:

1. Carbon monoxide and ammonia are reacted.
2. Catalysts such as ruthenium are used.
3. Hydrogenation takes place.

Another method involves the direct reaction of ammonium formate at high temperatures. This method is simpler but less efficient.

Typical conditions:

• High temperature
• Ammonium formate

Different methods may be chosen depending on the desired purity and use case of the formamide produced.

Applications

Formamide is utilized across various industries, plays an important role in biological systems, and is crucial in pharmaceutical formulations.

Industrial Use

Formamide serves as a solvent, particularly in the production of polymers.

It’s involved in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, where it acts as a chemical feedstock.

Another significant application is its use in the paper and textile industries for improving fiber quality.

It helps in the production of hydrogen cyanide, crucial for acrylic fiber and plastic manufacturing. Formamide is also an essential component in electrolytic condensers and plasticizers.

Biological Significance

In cellular biology, formamide stabilizes nucleic acids during hybridization processes. This aids in maintaining genetic material integrity during experiments.

Formamide also degrades RNA in experimental setups, proving vital for understanding genetic functions and protein synthesis.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Formamide functions as a key ingredient in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. It aids in creating intermediates necessary for drug development.

This compound is particularly valuable in the synthesis of sulfa drugs and other antimicrobial agents.

Formamide’s solvent properties facilitate the production of various medicinal compounds, ensuring optimal efficacy and stability.